Mann Born 1965 (age 51–52) Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S. Nationality American Education A.B. Applied mathematics and physics (1989), MS physics (1991), MPhil physics (1991), MPhil geology (1993), PhD geology & geophysics (1998) Alma mater, Occupation Employer Known for Lead author on the Awards Philip M. Orville Prize (1997) Outstanding Scientific Publication (2002) John Russell Mather Paper of the Year (2006) Fellow (2012) 2012 2017 Stephen H. Schneider Award for Outstanding Science Communication Website Michael E. Mann (born 1965) is an American and, currently director of the Earth System Science Center at, who has contributed to the scientific understanding of historic climate change based on the. He has pioneered techniques to find patterns in past climate change, and to isolate climate signals from.

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As lead author of a paper produced in 1998 with co-authors and, Mann used advanced statistical techniques to find regional variations in a hemispherical climate reconstruction covering the past 600 years. In 1999 the same team used these techniques to produce a reconstruction over the past 1,000 years (MBH99) which was dubbed the ' because of its shape. He was one of eight lead authors of the 'Observed Climate Variability and Change' chapter of the (IPCC) published in 2001. A graph based on the MBH99 paper was highlighted in several parts of the report, and was given wide publicity.

The IPCC acknowledged that his work, along with that of the many other lead authors and review editors, contributed to the award of the, which was won jointly by the IPCC and. Mann was organizing committee chair for the Frontiers of Science in 2003 and has received a number of honors and awards including selection by as one of the fifty leading visionaries in science and technology in 2002. In 2012 he was inducted as a Fellow of the and was awarded the of the.

In 2013 he was elected a Fellow of the, and awarded the status of in Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences. Mann is author of more than 200 peer-reviewed and edited publications. He has also published three books: Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming (2008),: Dispatches from the Front Lines (2012), and, together with co-author, The Madhouse Effect: How Climate Change Denial Is Threatening Our Planet, Destroying Our Politics, and Driving Us Crazy (2016). In 2012, the European Geosciences Union described his publication record as 'outstanding for a scientist of his relatively young age'. Mann is also a co-founder and contributor to the climatology blog. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Early life, undergraduate studies [ ] Mann was born in 1965, and brought up in, where his father was a professor of mathematics at the. At school he was interested in math, science, and computing.

In August 1984 he went to the, to major in physics with a second major in applied math. His second year research in the theoretical behaviour of used the applying randomness in computer simulations. Late in 1987 he joined a research team under which was using similar Monte Carlo methodology to investigate the superconducting properties of, modelling transitions between ordered and disordered phases.

He graduated with honors in 1989 with an A.B. In applied mathematics and physics. Doctoral and postgraduate studies [ ] Mann then attended, intending to obtain a in physics, and received both an and an in physics in 1991. His interest was in theoretical but he found himself being pushed towards detailed semiconductor work. He looked at course options with a wider topic area, and was enthused by PhD adviser about climate modelling and research. To try this out he spent the summer of 1991 assisting a in simulating the period of peak warmth when levels were high, but fossils indicated most warming at the poles, with little warming in the tropics. Mann then joined the Yale Department of Geology and Geophysics, obtaining an MPhil in geology and geophysics in 1993.

His research focused on natural variability and. He worked with the, and their joint research adapted a statistical method developed for identifying seismological oscillations to find various periodicities in the instrumental temperature record, the longest being about 60 to 80 years. The paper Mann and Park published in December 1994 came to similar conclusions to a study developed in parallel using different methodology and published in January of that year, which found what was later called the.

In 1994, Mann participated as a graduate student in the inaugural workshop of the 's aimed at encouraging active collaboration between statisticians, climatologists and atmospheric scientists. Leading statisticians participated, including and.

While still finishing his PhD research, Mann met UMass climate science professor and began research in collaboration with him and Park. Their research used paleoclimate proxy data from Bradley's previous work and methods Mann had developed with Park, to find oscillations in the longer proxy records. 'Global Interdecadal and Century-Scale Climate Oscillations During the Past Five Centuries' was published by in November 1995. Another study by Mann and Park raised a minor technical issue with a climate model about human influence on climate change: this was published in 1996. In the context of controversy over the the paper was praised by those opposed to action on climate change, and the conservative organization claimed that it had not been publicised due to. Mann defended his PhD thesis on A study of ocean-atmosphere interaction and low-frequency variability of the climate system in the spring of 1996, and was awarded the Phillip M. Orville Prize for outstanding dissertation in the earth sciences in the following year.

He was granted his PhD in geology and geophysics in 1998. Postdoctoral research: the hockey stick graph [ ]. The Madhouse Effect How Climate Change Denial Is Threatening Our Planet Destroying Our Politics and Driving Us Crazy 2016 From 1996–1998, after defending his PhD thesis at Yale, Mann carried out research at the funded by a postdoctoral fellowship. He collaborated with and Bradley's colleague, a Professor of at the, with the aim of developing and applying an improved statistical approach to reconstructions. He taught a course in Data Analysis and Climate Change in 1997 and became a Research Assistant Professor the following year.

The first truly quantitative reconstruction of temperatures had been published in 1993 by Bradley and, but it and subsequent reconstructions compiled averages for decades, covering the whole hemisphere. Mann wanted temperatures of individual years showing differences between regions, to find spatial patterns showing natural oscillations and the effect of events such as volcanic eruptions.

Sophisticated statistical methods had already been applied to, but to get wider geographical coverage these tree ring records had to be related to sparser proxies such as ice cores, corals and lake sediments. To avoid giving too much weight to the more numerous tree data, Mann, Bradley and Hughes used the statistical procedure of to represent these larger datasets in terms of a small number of representative series and compare them to the sparser proxy records. The same procedure was also used to represent key information in the for comparison with the proxy series, enabling of the reconstruction. They chose the period 1902–1980 for calibration, leaving the previous 50 years of instrumental data for validation.

This showed that the statistical reconstructions were only skillful (statistically meaningful) back to 1400. Their study highlighted interesting findings, such as confirming anecdotal evidence that there had been a strong in 1791, and finding that in 1816 the ' in Eurasia and much of North America had been offset by warmer than usual temperatures in Labrador and the Middle East. It was also an advance on earlier reconstructions in that it went back further, showed individual years, and showed with.' Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries' (MBH98) was published on April 23, 1998 in the journal. In it, 'Spatially resolved global reconstructions of annual surface temperature patterns' were related to 'changes in greenhouse-gas concentrations, solar irradiance, and volcanic aerosols' leading to the conclusion that 'each of these factors has contributed to the climate variability of the past 400 years, with greenhouse gases emerging as the dominant during the twentieth century. Northern Hemisphere mean annual temperatures for three of the past eight years are warmer than any other year since (at least) AD 1400. The last point received most media attention.

Mann was surprised by the extent of coverage which may have been due to chance release of the paper on in an unusually warm year. In a interview, repeatedly asked him if it proved that humans were responsible for global warming, to which he would go no further than that it was 'highly suggestive' of that inference. In May 1998,, and colleagues published a reconstruction going back a thousand years, but not specifically estimating uncertainties. As Bradley recalls, Mann's initial reaction to the paper was 'Look at this.

This is rubbish. You can't do this. There isn't enough information. There's too much uncertainty.' Bradley suggested using the MBH98 methodology to go further back. Within a few weeks, Mann responded that to his surprise, 'There is a certain amount of skill. We can actually say something, although there are large uncertainties.'

Mann carried out a series of statistical on 24 long term datasets, in which he statistically ' each proxy in turn to see the effect its removal had on the result. He found that a dataset which would otherwise have been reliable diverged from 1800 until around 1900, suggesting that it had been affected for that time by the CO 2 '. Using this dataset corrected in comparisons with other tree series, their reconstruction passed the validation tests for the extended period, but they were cautious about the increased uncertainties involved. The Mann, Bradley and Hughes reconstruction covering 1,000 years (MBH99) was published by in March 1999 with the cautious title Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: inferences, uncertainties, and limitations.

Mann said that 'As you go back farther in time, the data becomes sketchier. One can't quite pin things down as well, but, our results do reveal that significant changes have occurred, and temperatures in the latter 20th century have been exceptionally warm compared to the preceding 900 years. Though substantial uncertainties exist in the estimates, these are nonetheless startling revelations.' When Mann gave a talk about the study to the 's, climatologist nicknamed the graph the 'hockey stick'. Career [ ] University positions [ ] In 1999, Mann secured a position as a tenure-track assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at the. He left Virginia in 2005 to become an associate professor in the Department of Meteorology (with joint appointments in Department of Geosciences and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute) at, where he was also appointed the Director of its Earth System Science Center.

He was promoted to in 2009 and to 'Distinguished Professor of Meteorology' in 2013. IPCC Third Assessment Report [ ] Before the publication of MBH98, Mann had been nominated to be an author on the. Late in 1998 he heard that he had been selected as a lead author for the 'observations' chapter of the Working Group I report. He was to work with the numerous contributing authors in preparing an assessment of the state of knowledge of the paleoclimate record, starting by soliciting input from the leading experts in that field. Mann was one of eight lead authors of the 'Observed Climate Variability and Change' chapter of the report, working under the two co-ordinating lead authors for the chapter. The report was published in 2001. Research [ ] Mann continued his interest in improving methodology to find patterns in high-resolution paleoclimate reconstructions: he was lead author with Bradley and Hughes on a study of long term variability in the southern oscillations and related, published in 2000.

His areas of research have included climate signal detection, and, developing and assessing methods of statistical and analysis and comparing the results of modelling against data. The original MBH98 and MBH99 papers avoided undue representation of large numbers of tree ring proxies by using a step to summarise these proxy networks, but from 2001 Mann stopped using this method and introduced a Climate Field Reconstruction (CFR) technique using a (RegEM) method which did not require this PCA step. In May 2002 Mann and published a paper on testing methods of climate reconstruction which discussed this technique.

By adding artificial noise to actual temperature records or to model simulations they produced synthetic datasets which they called 'pseudoproxies'. When the reconstruction procedure was used with these pseudoproxies, the result was then compared with the original record or simulation to see how closely it had been reconstructed.

In August 2003 Mann with published reconstructions using various high-resolution proxies including tree rings, ice cores and sediments. This study indicated that that Northern Hemisphere late 20th century warmth had no precedent for roughly 2,000 years, dwarfing Medieval warmth, but proxy data was still too sparse to evaluate the Southern Hemisphere. More recently, Mann's areas of research have included hurricanes and climate change, and climate modeling. His work using comparisons with the results of climate models indicated that cooling from large volcanoes was not fully shown by tree ring reconstructions, and suggested that in extreme cases cooling caused by eruptions could result in trees showing no growth, and hence no tree ring for that year.

The result would be that tree ring reconstructions could understate climate variability, and there has been scientific debate about the methodology and validity of these findings. A paper published in April 2014 by Mann and co-authors set out a new method of defining the (AMO) in place of a problematic method based on detrending the climate signal. They found that in recent decades the AMO had been in a cooling phase, rather than a warming phase as researchers had thought.

Fake Alberta Drivers Licence on this page. This cooling had contributed towards the recent in surface temperatures, and would change to enhanced surface warming in the next phase of the oscillation. Hockey stick controversy [ ]. Main article: Figures based on the northern hemisphere mean temperatures graph from MBH99 were prominently featured in the of 2001, and became the focus of controversy when some individuals and groups disputed the data and methodology of this reconstruction.

The 2006 published by the endorsed the MBH studies with a few reservations. The principal component analysis methodology had a small tendency to bias results so was not recommended, but it had little influence on the final reconstructions, and other methods produced similar results. Mann has said his findings have been 'independently verified by independent teams using alternative methods and alternative data sources.' , using various statistical methods and combinations of proxy records, support the broad consensus shown in the original hockey stick graph, with variations in how flat the pre-20th century 'shaft' appears.

CRU email controversy [ ] In November 2009, hackers obtained a large number of emails exchanged among researchers at the of the and with other scientists, including Mann. The release of their correspondence on the Internet sparked the, commonly known as 'Climategate', in which extracts from emails were publicized to raise accusations against the scientists.

A series of investigations cleared the scientists of wrongdoing. Detailed analysis by the (EPA) found that the critics made unsupported accusations of falsification and manipulation or destruction of data and were commonly mistaken about the scientific issues. Mann was specifically cleared by several inquiries.

Pennsylvania State University (PSU) commissioned two reviews related to the emails and his research, which reported in February and July 2010. They cleared Mann of misconduct, stating there was no substance to the allegations, but criticized him for sharing unpublished manuscripts with third parties. The EPA gave detailed consideration to petitions with allegations against Mann from lobbyists including the,, the, and the: the EPA found their claims were not supported by the evidence. At the request of Senator, who has called the science of man-made climate change a hoax, the of the investigated the emails in relation to, and concluded that there was no evidence of inappropriate manipulation of data. The (OIG) of the also carried out a detailed investigation, which it closed on August 15, 2011.

It agreed with the conclusions of the university inquiries, and exonerated Mann of charges of scientific misconduct. Attorney General of Virginia's investigative demand [ ]. Main article: Based on the CRU email leak, Virginia Attorney General initiated a to obtain documentation relating to Mann's work at the university. The demand sparked widespread academic condemnation as a 'blatantly political' attempt to intimidate and silence Mann, and was denied in August 2010 by a judge for failure to state sufficient cause.

Cuccinelli tried to re-open his case by issuing a revised subpoena, and appealed the case to the Virginia Supreme Court. The case was defended by the university, and the court ruled that Cuccinelli did not have the authority to make these demands. The decision, seen as supporting academic freedom, was welcomed by the.

In October 2010, Mann wrote an op-ed in the in which he described several past, present and projected attacks on climate science and scientists by politicians, drawing a link between them and 'the pseudo-science that questioned the link between smoking cigarettes and lung cancer, and the false claims questioning the science of acid rain and the hole in the ozone layer.' Saying they were 'not good-faith questioning of scientific research [but] anti-science', he called for all his fellow scientists to stand against the attacks. Mann was a supporter of Democratic candidate 's for; in that election, Cuccinelli was the Republican candidate. On the campaign trail, Mann promoted the role of scientific research and technology in job creation and highlighted the costs of the Cuccinelli's Civil Investigative Demand case, and the threat it had presented to the scientific community.

Defamation lawsuit [ ] Attacks on the work and reputation of climatologists continued, and Mann discussed with colleagues the need for a strong response when they were slandered or libeled. In July 2012, (CEI) blogger Rand Simberg accused Mann of 'deception' and 'engaging in data manipulation' and alleged that the Penn State investigation that had cleared Mann was a 'cover-up and whitewash' comparable to the recent, 'except that instead of molesting children, he has molested and tortured data. Download Saint Seiya Hades Elysion Sub Indo. ' The CEI blog editor then removed the sentence as 'inappropriate', but a blog post by cited it and alleged that Mann's hockey stick graph was 'fraudulent'. Mann asked CEI and National Review to remove the allegations and apologize, or he would take action. The CEI published further insults, and National Review editor responded in an article headed 'Get Lost' with a declaration that, should Mann sue, the discovery process would be used to reveal and publish Mann's emails. Mann's lawyer filed the lawsuit in October 2012. Before the case could go to discovery, CEI and National Review filed a court motion to dismiss it under legislation, with the claim that they had merely been using exaggerated language which was acceptable against a public figure.

In July 2013 the judge ruled against this motion, and when the defendants took this to appeal a new judge also denied their motion to dismiss, in January 2014. The National Review changed its lawyers, and Steyn decided to represent himself in court. Journalist Seth Shulman, at the, welcomed the judge's statement that accusations of fraud 'go to the heart of scientific integrity.

They can be proven true or false. If false, they are defamatory. If made with actual malice, they are actionable.' The defendants again appealed the decision. In August 2014, the with 26 other organizations filed an in the D.C. Appeals court, arguing that the comments at issue were constitutionally protected under the as opinion.

Steyn chose to be represented by attorney Daniel J. On 22 December 2016 the D.C. Appeals court ruled that Mann's case against Simberg and Steyn could go ahead.

A “reasonable jury” could find against the defendants, and though the context should be considered, 'if the statements assert or imply false facts that defame the individual, they do not find shelter under the First Amendment simply because they are embedded in a larger policy debate.' Awards and honors [ ] Mann's dissertation was awarded the Phillip M. Orville Prize in 1997 as an 'outstanding dissertation in the earth sciences' at Yale University.

His co-authorship of a scientific paper published by won him an award from the (ISI) in 2002, and another co-authored paper published in the same year won the 's outstanding scientific publication award. In 2002 he was named by as one of fifty 'leading visionaries in science and technology.' The awarded him the John Russell Mather Paper of the Year award in 2005 for a co-authored paper published in the Journal of Climate. The awarded him its Editors' Citation for Excellence in Refereeing in 2006 to recognize his contributions in reviewing manuscripts for its journal. The presented Mann, along with all other 'scientists that had contributed substantially to the preparation of IPCC reports', with a personalized certificate 'for contributing to the award of the Nobel Peace Prize for 2007 to the IPCC', celebrating the joint award of the to the IPCC and to.

In 2012, he was elected a Fellow of the and awarded the of the for 'his significant contributions to understanding decadal-centennial scale climate change over the last two millennia and for pioneering techniques to synthesize patterns and northern hemispheric time series of past climate using proxy data reconstructions.' Following election by the he became a new Fellow of the society in 2013. In January 2013 he was designated with the status of in Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences.

In September 2013, Mann was named by in its third annual list of the '50 Most Influential' people, included in a group of 'thinkers' with reference to his work with other scientists on the hockey stick graph, his responses on the blog 'to climate change deniers', and his book publications. Later that month, he received the 's National Conservation Achievement Award for Science.

On 28 April 2014 the announced that its first annual Friend of the Planet award had been presented to Mann and. In the same year, Mann was named as a Highly Cited Researcher by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). In 2015 he was elected Fellow of the, and in 2016 he was elected Vice Chair of the Topical Group on Physics of Climate (GPC) at the (APS). On June 19, 2017, at the said that he would be honored with the 7th annual Stephen H.

Schneider Award for Outstanding Science Communication. Public outreach [ ]. 2016 Mann, along with,, and others, co-founded the website, launched in December 2004. The website's purpose is to provide a site for commentaries by working climate scientists, 'for interested public and journalists'. It is part of 's Environmental Network. After repeated attacks against his and his colleagues' academic work and being 'hounded by elected officials, threatened with violence, and more', Mann decided to 'enter the fray' and 'speak out about the very real implications of our research.'

Mann has engaged with the public through film, television, radio, the press, and talks. Reported in 2014, 'The professor operates active Twitter and Facebook accounts. In several weeks, he'll take part in an 'Ask Me Anything' session on Reddit.

For him, it's about engaging with the community.' Mann serves on the advisory board of, an American grassroots advocacy group calling for a national economic mobilization against climate change on the scale of the, with the goal of 100% clean energy and net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2025. Mann has often called for WWII-scale climate mobilization as a means of rapidly reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

In June 2015, Mann criticized the G7 nations' goal of full decarbonization by 2100 as not very meaningful considering greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced dramatically within the next decade, well ahead of the G7’s timeline. “In my view, the science makes clear that 2050 or 2100 is way too far down the road,' he told. We will need near-term limits if we are going to avoid dangerous warming of the planet.” Publications [ ] Mann has been organizing committee chair for the 'Frontiers of Science' and has served as a committee member or advisor for other National Academy of Sciences panels. He served as editor for the and has been a member of numerous international and U.S. Scientific advisory panels and steering groups. By 2010 he was the lead author or co-author of over 90 scientific publications, the majority of which had appeared in leading peer-reviewed scientific journals: as of 2016, his biographical sketch stated that he was author of more than 200 peer-reviewed and edited publications. Between 1999 and 2010 he served as principal or co-principal investigator on five research projects funded by the (NOAA) and four more funded by the (NSF).

He was also co-investigator on other projects funded by the NOAA, NSF,,, and the. Selected publications [ ]. • ^ Mann, Michael E. Penn State, Dept. Of Meteorology. Retrieved 11 January 2014. American Geophysical Union.

Retrieved October 25, 2012. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2013. •, pp. 5–6 •, pp. 1–2, 6–10, 28–30 Mann, M.E.; Park, J.

Journal of Geophysical Research. Schlesinger, M.

E.; Ramankutty, N. 'An oscillation in the global climate system of period 65–70 years'.

367 (6465): 723–726.. • House Committee on Energy and Commerce (2006).. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, 109th Congress, Second session.: 765–766.

Retrieved 2010-08-01 (). •, pp. 30–34 Mann, Michael E.; Park, Jeffrey; Bradley, R. 'Global interdecadal and century-scale climate oscillations during the past five centuries'.

378 (6554): 266–270... Retrieved 2012-08-04. •, pp. 1–2, 41, 265–266 •, pp. 41–42 •, pp. 40–48 •, p. 48 • Mann, M.

E.; Bradley, R. S.; Hughes, M. 'Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries'. 392 (6678): 779–787... •, pp. 48–50 • Jones, P. D.; Briffa, K. R.; Barnett, T.

'High-resolution palaeoclimatic records for the last millennium: interpretation, integration and comparison with General Circulation Model control-run temperatures'. The Holocene. 8 (4): 455–471.. • ^ Monastersky, Richard (September 8, 2006)... Retrieved 2011-03-06. •, pp. 50–53 • Mann, M.

E.; Bradley, R. S.; Hughes, M.

'Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations'. Geophysical Research Letters. 26 (6): 759–762... Office of News & Information.

March 3, 1999. Archived from on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-06. •, p. 53 • Christy, J. R.; Clarke, R.

A.; Gruza, G. V.; Jouzel, J.; Mann, M. E.; Oerlemans, J.; Salinger, M. J.; Wang, S.-W. 'Observed Climate Variability and Change'.. Cambridge University Press..

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Penn State University. Retrieved 1 October 2013. • Johnson, Scott K.

(4 February 2013)... Retrieved 1 October 2013. • Messer, A'ndrea Elyse (7 April 2014).. Penn State University. Retrieved 28 April 2014., Mann, M.

E.; Steinman, B. A.; Miller, S. 'On Forced Temperature Changes, Internal Variability and the AMO'. Geophysical Research Letters. 41: 3211–3219..

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It's not yet certain, for example, that the heat is reducing the world population of polar bears or that it increases the number of hurricanes, he said. • Frank, David;;; Wilson, Rob (14 May 2010). 'A noodle, hockey stick, and spaghetti plate: A perspective on high-resolution paleoclimatology'.. 1 (4): 507–516.. • (February 9, 2010)..

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• Douglas Fischer and The Daily Climate,, July 1, 2010. Retrieved 24 Aug. • Damian Carrington, ',' The Guardian, 20 May 2014. Retrieved 24 Aug.

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(February 3, 2010). Archived from (PDF) on February 15, 2010. Retrieved February 7, 2010. The allegations were of 'manipulating data, destroying records and colluding to hamper the progress of scientific discourse around the issue of anthropogenic global warming from approximately 1998.' Environmental Protection Agency. 29 July 2010.

Retrieved 16 September 2011. • Zinser, Todd J., Inspector General of the U.S. Of Commerce, in a letter to Sen. Inhofe, February 18, 2011, wrote, 'We found no evidence in the CRU emails that NOAA inappropriately manipulated data comprising the GHCN-M dataset.' Physicsworld.com, A website from the. August 30, 2011.

Retrieved January 3, 2012. • Walker, Julian (May 19, 2010).. The Virginian-Pilot. Washington Post. August 31, 2010. • Fitzgerald, Brendan (August 30, 2010)...

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Represent political and cultural commentator Mark Steyn as defendant in libel suit brought by climate change scientist.' Retrieved 2016-12-23.

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Personalized certificates. Were sent to coordinating lead authors, lead authors, review editors, Bureau members, staff of the technical support units and staff of the secretariat from the IPCC's inception in 1988 until the award of the prize in 2007 •. Mann, Timeline Photos: Facebook. October 30, 2012.

Retrieved November 2, 2012., retrieved December 12, 2012. Mann, Michael E. (October 25, 2012).. Retrieved October 28, 2012. • Bralower, Timothy; Rosenhoover, Christie (2007). Retrieved October 28, 2012.

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December 1, 2004. Retrieved 2010-09-13. 'Welcome climate bloggers'.

432 (7020): 933. • Mann, Michael E. (17 January 2014).. The New York Times. Retrieved 15 January 2017.

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The Patriot-News.' 30 January 2014. Accessed 9 February 2014. The Climate Mobilization. Retrieved 30 August 2016. Berkeley Blog. Retrieved 19 September 2014.

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2005-02-24 • Mann M.E. •, April 18, 2005, - interview • Pelley, Janet; Booth, Barbara; Thacker, Paul D.; Betts, Kellyn S.

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